For NavIC’s core services to function effectively, at least four satellites are theoretically required. However, information shared by the Indian government indicates that only three of the constellation’s 11 satellites are currently capable of performing their primary functions.
These include first-generation satellites IRNSS-1B and IRNSS-1I, along with second-generation satellite NVS-01. IRNSS-1B has already exceeded its designed 10-year lifespan, making its continued operation uncertain, while IRNSS-1I could remain functional until around 2028. NVS-01, if it performs as intended, has at least another decade of service ahead. Meanwhile, NVS-02, launched in January 2025, was unable to raise its orbit after its onboard engines failed to fire, severely limiting its utility. As a result, NVS-01 is currently the only satellite that can be considered reliably operational over the long term.
