Astronauts for NASA’s Artemis II mission stand in front of the Orion crew capsule, expected to carry (L-R) Victor Glover, pilot; Reid Wiseman, commander; and mission specialists Christina Hammock Koch and Jeremy Hansen with the Canadian Space Agency around the moon and back to the earth.
| Photo Credit: Reuters
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson announced on Thursday new delays in the U.S. space agency’s Artemis program to return astronauts to the moon for the first time since 1972, pushing back the next two planned missions amid potential policy changes under President-elect Donald Trump‘s administration.
Nelson told a news conference at NASA headquarters that the next Artemis mission, sending astronauts around the moon and back, has slipped to April 2026, with the subsequent astronaut landing mission using SpaceX’s Starship planned for the following year.
“Assuming the SpaceX lander is ready, we plan to launch Artemis III in mid-2027,” Nelson said.
“That will be well ahead of the Chinese government’s announced intention” to land on the lunar surface by 2030, Nelson added, illustrating the competition between the world’s top two space powers as they race to the moon.
The newly announced delays came after NASA concluded an examination of the Orion crew capsule, made by Lockheed Martin and its heat shield, which had cracked and partially eroded during reentry into Earth’s atmosphere on its debut 2022 uncrewed test mission, Artemis I.
The Artemis program was established by NASA during Trump’s first administration and represents the flagship American effort to return astronauts to the moon for the first time since the U.S. space agency’s Apollo 17 mission. The Artemis program is estimated to cost $93 billion through 2025.
Unlike the Apollo missions, the Artemis program also calls for building lunar bases that will help pave the way for the more ambitious future goal of sending astronauts to Mars.
The Artemis program has made noteworthy progress, including Orion’s 2022 uncrewed launch atop NASA’s giant Space Launch System (SLS), but also has experienced various delays and rising costs. The roughly $2 billion SLS per-launch price tag and its heavy cost overruns in development have made advisers to Trump’s transition effort eager to upend the Artemis program and focus more heavily on Mars using SpaceX’s Starship. Trump takes office on January 20.
NASA’s Artemis I mission was a 25-day voyage around the moon ending when the Orion capsule, carrying a simulated crew of three mannequins, made a splash down in the Pacific. During its blazing atmospheric reentry, heat became trapped inside the Orion heatshield’s outer layer, causing cracks and raising concerns after the mission about the capsule’s future models.
Nelson said he and other senior NASA officials unanimously decided at a meeting this week to keep the heat shield design as is for Artemis II, but change the capsule’s return trajectory to prevent the cracking issues.
Orion capsules on missions beyond Artemis II will have an upgraded heat shield. Replacing the Artemis II heat shield would have caused a much longer delay of at least a year, according to Pam Melroy, NASA’s deputy administrator.
The Artemis II mission, a flight carrying astronauts around the moon in Orion but without a landing, has experienced previous delays as well, including one announced by Nelson in January pushing back its time table to September 2025. Nelson on Thursday confirmed it would be further delayed until April 2026.
The Artemis III lunar landing mission involves Orion transferring the astronauts in space onto Starship, which will land them on the surface.
The United States and China, an ascending power in space, are both courting partner countries and leaning on private companies for their moon programs.
The Artemis program has been NASA’s top priority under Nelson. Trump’s first NASA chief, former U.S. congressman Jim Bridenstine, launched the Artemis program and persuaded Congress to increase the agency’s budget to fund it.
Trump on Wednesday picked billionaire businessman Jared Isaacman, an associate of SpaceX founder Elon Musk, to succeed Nelson as NASA chief. Nelson said he spoke briefly to Isaacman to congratulate him, and that he expects the incoming Trump administration to carry Artemis forward under the current plan.
Published – December 06, 2024 01:58 pm IST
