Japan’s Parliament elects Sanae Takaichi as nation’s first female Prime Minister

Japan’s Parliament elected ultraconservative Sanae Takaichi as the country’s first female Prime Minister Tuesday (October 21, 2025), a day after her struggling party struck a coalition deal with a new partner expected to pull her governing bloc further to the right.

Ms. Takaichi replaces Shigeru Ishiba, ending a three-month political vacuum and wrangling since the Liberal Democratic Party’s disastrous election loss in July.

Mr. Ishiba, who lasted only one year as Prime Minister, resigned with his Cabinet earlier in the day, paving the way for his successor.

Ms. Takaichi won 237 votes — four more than a majority — compared to 149 won by Yoshikoko Noda, head of the largest opposition party, the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, in the lower house, which elects the Prime Minister. As the results were announced, Ms. Takaichi stood up and bowed deeply.

The LDP’s alliance with the Osaka-based rightwing Japan Innovation Party, or Ishin no Kai, ensured her premiership because the opposition is not united. Ms. Takaichi’s untested alliance is still short of a majority in both houses of parliament and will need to court other opposition groups to pass any legislation — a risk that could make her government unstable and short-lived.

“Political stability is essential right now,” Ms. Takaichi said at Monday’s (October 20, 2025) signing ceremony with the JIP leader and Osaka Gov. Hirofumi Yoshimura. “Without stability, we cannot push measures for a strong economy or diplomacy.” The two parties signed a coalition agreement on policies underscoring Ms. Takaichi’s hawkish and nationalistic views.

Their last-minute deal came after the Liberal Democrats lost its longtime partner, the Buddhist-backed Komeito, which has a more dovish and centrist stance. The breakup threatened a change of power for the LDP, which has governed Japan almost uninterrupted for decades.

Later in the day, Ms. Takaichi, 64, will present a Cabinet with a number of allies of LDP’s most powerful kingmaker, Taro Aso, and others who backed her in the party leadership vote.

JIP will not hold ministerial posts in Ms. Takaichi’s Cabinet until his party is confident about its partnership with the LDP, Yoshimura said.

Ms. Takaichi is running on deadline, as she prepares for a major policy speech later this week, talks with U.S. President Donald Trump and regional summits. She needs to quickly tackle rising prices and compile economy-boosting measures by late December to address public frustration.

While she is the first woman serving as Japan’s Prime Minister, she is in no rush to promote gender equality or diversity.

Ms. Takaichi is among Japanese politicians who have stonewalled measures for women’s advancement. Ms. Takaichi supports the imperial family’s male-only succession and opposes same-sex marriage and allowing separate surnames for married couples.

A protege of assassinated former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Ms. Takaichi is expected to emulate his policies including a stronger military and economy, as well as revising Japan’s pacifist constitution. With her potentially weak grip on power, it’s unknown how much Ms. Takaichi will be able to achieve.

Also an admirer of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Ms. Takaichi was first elected to parliament in 1993 and has served in a number of senior party and government posts, including as ministers of economic security and internal affairs, but her diplomatic background is thin.

When Komeito left the governing coalition, it cited the LDP’s lax response to slush fund scandals that led to their consecutive election defeats.

The centrist party also raised concern about Ms. Takaichi’s revisionist view of Japan’s wartime past and her regular prayers at Yasukuni Shrine despite protests from Beijing and Seoul that see the visits as lack of remorse about Japanese aggression, as well as her recent xenophobic remarks.

Ms. Takaichi has toned down her hawkish rhetoric. On Friday (October 17, 2025), she sent a religious ornament instead of going to Yasukuni.