The Indira Gandhi Canal, which flows through a small stretch of northwestern Haryana before traversing Rajasthan and ending in the Thar Desert near Gadra Road in Jaisalmer district, is India’s longest canal, at 837 kilometres. It provides critical water supply to Jaisalmer and thousands of remote desert villages.
The canal has also reduced dependence on scarce groundwater and supports large-scale irrigation, enabling farmers to cultivate crops and significantly strengthen animal husbandry. Rainfall itself has increased, a shift local people say is due to the increased availability of water and vegetation the canal has given growth to.
“Fifty to sixty years ago, our forefathers in Jaisalmer used to tell guests, ‘You may ask for a glass of ghee or milk, but do not ask for a glass of water,’” says local social activist and veteran journalist R.K. Vyas. “That has changed… Due to the canal water, Jaisalmer witnessed changes in rainfall over the past decade. Though there was no rain last year, we pray that this year brings good rainfall so that our livestock survives and the cycle of nature continues with joy and prosperity,” he adds.
However, despite this progress, the problem of water scarcity persists.
According to the Central Groundwater Board, as of 2022, Jaisalmer’s urban area was among seven cities in the list of 219 of Rajasthan’s 302 blocks which were categorised as over-exploited for groundwater.
With temperatures hovering between 47 and 50 degrees Celsius, resident Razak Mahmood depends on his two camels to draw water from his ancestral well in Kalu ka Talav, a village surrounded by sand dunes on the outskirts of Ramgarh near the India-Pakistan International Border in Rajasthan. People like Mahmood still struggle to secure enough water for themselves and their livestock. “The canal needs maintenance throughout the year so that sand dunes do not spill into them and obstruct the water flow,” says Hukumsinh Mahicha Rathod, who lives near the Jaisalmer Fort.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Thirst quenched: A camel herder offers water to his animals at Sam Desert, on the outskirts of Jaisalmer.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Vital source: A resident collects water from a branch of the Indira Gandhi Canal at Ramgarh village in Rajasthan’s Jaisalmer district.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Drawing life: A farmer stands beside a borewell on his farm near the canal, which is crucial for irrigation in the region.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Branches in the sun: Trees, unique to Rajasthan, seen along the banks of the canal at Mohangarh in Jaisalmer district.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Daily need: A woman washes clothes beside a storage tank at Siyamber village.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Beyond the canal: Razak Mahmood draws water from his ancestral well at Kalu ka Talav near Ramgarh.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Help at hand: With temperatures often touching 50°C, Razak Mahmood depends on his camels to draw water from the well.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Fields of change: A farmer in his field near Ramgarh village; access to irrigation has enabled agriculture to flourish in these parts.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Lifeline amid crises: Farmers draw water from a well to quench their thirst amid sand dunes at Siyamber village in Jaisalmer district.
Photo:
Vijay Soneji
Refreshing drops: A camel drinks from a run-off stream at Mohangarh.
Published – May 31, 2026 07:48 am IST
