1 / 5 |
Archaeological evidence has shown that this prehistoric culture in West Asia, existing more than 8,000 years ago, often buried dogs alongside human remains. These burials suggest a deep social, symbolic, and possibly spiritual connection between people and their canine companions at the time. Name the culture.

2 / 5 |
In the mid-19th century, this scientist’s extensive breeding experiments with pigeons helped illustrate how human selection could alter species. His insights into variation and artificial selection also shaped his theories about the domestication of dogs over thousands of years. Name him.

3 / 5 |
The variants of the AMY2B gene, first linked to starch digestion in humans, are more numerous in dogs than in ______. Scientists believe changes in this gene likely allowed the first dogs to thrive on diets provided by humans, which in turn supported their integration into farming communities thousands of years ago. Fill in the blank.

4 / 5 |
Believed to be the ancestor of all modern domestic dogs, the X wolves — which are extinct today — diverged from other wolves more than 15,000 years ago. Its descendants gradually adapted to life alongside humans through changes in behaviour, diet, and social structure. Name X.

5 / 5 |
This type of genetic marker, found throughout the dog genome, is commonly used by scientists to trace the ancestry of the breed, study domestication patterns, and identify genes linked to physical traits or inherited diseases in modern canine populations. What are these markers called?

Answer : Single nucleotide polymorphism

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1 / 6 |
In the mediaeval era, astronomers defended the geocentric model of the universe using the idea of epicycles and Z, shown here as the smaller and larger dashed circles, respectively. Name Z.

2 / 6 |
Scholars once invoked this theory to explain why metals could burn without gaining apparent mass. It was dismissed after Antoine Lavoisier’s experiments revealed that some component of air reacts with substances when they are burnt, forcing chemists to abandon the theory. Name it.

3 / 6 |
Before Michelson’s and Morley’s 1887 experiment, natural philosophers assumed a medium called X permeated the universe, allowing light waves to travel everywhere. Eighteen years after the experiment, a theory called X posited that light didn’t need a new medium to travel in, rendering X superfluous. Name X and Y.

Answer : X =  luminiferous aether; Y = special theory of relativity

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4 / 6 |
For centuries, scholars believed living beings could arise de novo from mud, meat or grain. This idea, called ___________ __________, was challenged by a series of experiments in the 17th century conducted by Francesco Redi, an Italian physician who showed that maggots are born from the eggs of flies. Fill in the blanks.

5 / 6 |
Name the early 20th century hypothesis — which claimed that the different heat capacities of land and ocean surfaces caused continents to move — that was later eclipsed by paleomagnetic data and evidence of spreading seafloors revealing the theory of plate tectonics.

6 / 6 |
Until the early 20th century, physicists assumed that heat had no lower limit and could be extracted to an infinite degree from an object. The idea was dethroned when, in their race to liquefy helium first, James Dewar and Q found that the temperature designated 0 K is actually unattainable. Name Q.

1 / 6 |
A number of organs and cells make up your body’s immune system. What are the small, bean-shaped structures that act as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria and other harmful substances, found throughout your body?

2 / 6 |
White blood cells form a crucial part of the body’s immune system. What is known as the ‘factory’ of WBCs, the place in the body where most WBCs are produced?

3 / 6 |
There are two major types of immunity. One is innate, present from birth and the first line of defence against intruders. The other kind is developed over your lifetime, in response to pathogens. What is this called?

Answer : Acquired, adaptive or specific immunity

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4 / 6 |
True or False: An allergy is your immune system’s under-reaction to a substance that is usually harmless

Answer : False. The immune system overreacts, causing allergic symptoms.

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5 / 6 |
The body’s extreme reaction to an infection, which can be life-threatening, when the immune system triggers widespread inflammation is known as ____________.

6 / 6 |
In the picture above, name the organ that is in the chest, between the lungs that is an important part of the immune system.