A Chinese man divorced his wife following a disagreement over whose surname their son should take. The couple, Shao and Ji, had a daughter in 2019, and she took Mr Shao’s surname. But when their son was born in 2021, Ms Ji insisted he bear her surname. 

Despite Mr Shao’s repeated demands for a name change, his wife refused, leading to their separation and eventual divorce, according to the South China Morning Post.

After they split, both children remained with Ms Ji. Mr Shao sought custody of his daughter but was willing to give up custody of his son. Ms Ji, however, insisted on keeping both children. The case went to court, where Ms Ji was granted full custody, as she had been the primary caregiver.

Chinese courts decide child custody based on the “best interests of the child,” often favouring mothers, though parents’ caregiving abilities are also considered.

Mr Shao appealed the ruling, but a higher court upheld the decision. He was ordered to pay child support until both children turned 18.

In a similar dispute, a married couple in China is on the brink of divorce after arguments over their son’s surname. The wife, Xiangjia, said both families agreed before marriage that their firstborn, regardless of gender, would take the mother’s surname.

But after their son’s birth, her husband repeatedly demanded a change, arguing that children traditionally inherit their father’s name, SCMP reported.

Tensions escalated when Ms Xiangjia underwent surgery and returned home to find that her mother-in-law had unilaterally changed the child’s name. Her husband also began calling their son by the new name. Frustrated, Ms Xiangjia suggested divorce, but her husband refused, claiming ownership of their house, car, and son.

Since 1980, China’s Marriage Law has allowed children to inherit either parent’s surname. Though traditionally rare, maternal surnames are becoming more common. A 2021 study found that only 1.4 per cent of those born between 1986 and 2005 took their mother’s surname. But the trend is rising. Shanghai saw 8.8 per cent of newborns with maternal surnames in 2018, and nationwide, the figure reached 7.7 per cent in 2020, per the Ministry of Public Security.

The Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) has rubbished rumours regarding e-ticket booking restrictions. In a statement, IRCTC clarified that claims suggesting passengers with different surnames cannot book tickets together were entirely “false and misleading.”

According to IRCTC, tickets can be booked on personal user IDs for friends, family, and relatives without surname-related constraints. They clarified that bookings are conducted according to Railway Board Guidelines, which are publicly accessible.

The IRCTC said that users can book tickets for up to 12 persons per month. If the booking is done by Aadhaar-authenticated users and at least one passenger on the ticket is also Aadhaar-authenticated, this limit extends to 24 tickets.

Users are also warned not to use their user IDs for commercial purposes. This is strictly prohibited under Section 143 of the Railways Act, 1989, and can lead to legal consequences. Only authorised agents are permitted to book tickets for commercial use.

The news in circulation on social media about restriction in booking of e-tickets due to different surname is false and misleading. pic.twitter.com/xu3Q7uEWbX

— IRCTC (@IRCTCofficial) June 25, 2024

This clarification came amid rumours that booking train tickets for friends or relatives with different surnames could lead to jail time or hefty fines under Section 143.

The alleged “new rules” claimed one could book tickets only for those with blood relations or the same surname using a personal ID, with penalties of up to 3 years in jail or ₹10,000 as fine for non-compliance. However, these claims have been thoroughly debunked.

In reality, Section 143 of the Indian Railways Act targets unauthorised ticketing businesses, not personal bookings. Indian Railways has not issued any such order restricting ticket bookings.