The agreement signed between the United States, Denmark and Greenland on September 22, 2026, marks an important moment in the changing geopolitics of the Arctic. Greenland is an autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Under the 2009 Self-Government Act, it has extensive control over its domestic affairs, while foreign, defence and security policy remain with Denmark. Greenland came into the news this year because of the Trump administration’s repeated interest in gaining control over the island. What began as a territorial controversy gradually became a wider debate about sovereignty, security and the future of the Arctic.

The agreement, signed at the United Nations, expands the American military presence in Greenland while reaffirming Danish sovereignty and Greenland’s right to self-determination. It brings, at least for now, an end to the unusual tensions between Washington and Copenhagen over the future of the strategically important island. The agreement’s entry into force is subject to the completion of the necessary parliamentary procedures in Denmark and Greenland.