The rise of social media and Big Tech has changed not just where news is consumed but also how journalism is produced, forcing news organisations to adapt to shorter formats, algorithm-driven attention and competition from influencers and content creators. Speakers at a discussion organised at Goethe Zentrum in Hyderabad on Saturday (August 29) said the basic principles of journalism, verification, credibility and public accountability must remain unchanged.

The issue came up during a panel discussion titled ‘News Gathering in the Age of Big Tech: Safeguarding Truth, Accountability and Justice’, featuring Priyanshi Sharma, co-founder of Peek TV, and Naresh Fernandes, Editor of Scroll. The session was moderated by Anjali Lal Gupta, Assistant Professor at the University of Hyderabad.

Ms. Sharma said digital journalism could not simply be television journalism transferred to Instagram or other social media platforms. “When Peek TV began producing short-form news, the organisation initially thought it could adapt its existing television-style approach to social media. It soon realised that the tone, writing and storytelling had to change substantially,” she said.

Mr. Fernandes, who described himself as someone who had witnessed the transition from newspapers and printing presses to television and digital media, said the technology through which journalism was delivered had changed, but journalism itself had not. “At its core, journalism still remains about engaging a thinking audience in a public-spirited manner and telling people what they might otherwise not know, including information that someone somewhere might not want them to know,” he added.

Ms. Sharma said one of the biggest challenges for digital news organisations was that they were no longer competing only with other news outlets. They were also competing with influencers and content creators who often present news in a more immediate and definitive manner.

The concerns raised in the first panel about algorithms, platforms and the changing power of digital intermediaries were taken further in the second discussion, titled ‘Tech Design and Policy: Navigating Algorithm, Surveillance and Ethics’. The panel featured Rakesh Dubbudu, founder of Factly Media and Research, and Aniket Alam, who teaches history and social sciences at IIIT Hyderabad. It was moderated by Usha Raman, researcher and writer on digital cultures and media.

Ms. Raman began by pointing out that the implications of digital infrastructure extend far beyond journalism. Ordinary citizens who post on social media or YouTube can also have their expression curtailed or be subjected to surveillance, although journalists may have institutional protections and avenues of redress that ordinary citizens lack.

Mr. Dubbudu said the world was at an inflection point in its relationship with digital technology, although the shift towards stronger regulation was not uniform across countries. “India has not yet reached the same level of popular demand for tighter regulation of the digital economy and social media seen in the United States. One reason is that digital infrastructure has delivered significant benefits to millions of people and has enabled individuals with very limited resources to reach audiences independently,” he said.

Mr. Alam approached the issue from the perspective of history, knowledge production and community. He cautioned against reducing the digital environment to a simple conflict between powerful technology companies and an increasingly centralised state, with citizens trapped between the two.

In an episode of the TV show Elementary, a surgeon prepares to perform a surgery. After he dons his gloves and mask, with his students watching from the back, he plays some funny music from speakers. The students are pleasantly surprised. The surgeon turns around and tells them that they will need to learn to take performing surgeries easy. That they should not let ‘it’ get to them. What he means is that if a surgeon puts herself under pressure because a life is at stake, she could make more mistakes and further endanger that life.

The protagonist in the Tamil film Doctor stands for a similar idea, and it taught me something about remaining a journalist. Journalism done properly can exact a particular psychological toll. Just the developments pouring in from different parts of the world add to the ordinary unhappiness of the human condition. Investigative journalism, news analyses, and perceptive and knowledgeable commentary can exacerbate adverse thoughts, and make one feel helpless and one’s work seem too small, even negligible, in the face of the world’s profound challenges.