European Union – Artifex.News https://artifex.news Stay Connected. Stay Informed. Wed, 16 Sep 2026 13:08:00 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.1.2 https://artifex.news/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/cropped-cropped-app-logo-32x32.png European Union – Artifex.News https://artifex.news 32 32 EU to ban social media for under 13s, curb access until 15 https://artifex.news/article71472470-ece/ Wed, 16 Sep 2026 13:08:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article71472470-ece/ Read More “EU to ban social media for under 13s, curb access until 15” »

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The European Union will ban social media for children under 13 and allow only limited, supervised access until the age of 15 under plans unveiled Wednesday (September 16, 2026) by EU chief Ursula von der Leyen.

A global backlash against social media has piled pressure on policymakers, with a rising body of evidence showing negative impacts on children’s physical and mental health.

Australia last year became the first country to ban social media for under-16s, triggering a wave of similar moves elsewhere.

The 27-country bloc would take a “gradual” approach, Ms. von der Leyen confirmed during her annual keynote address to the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France.

“Each age has its own sensitivities. And therefore, each will have its own tailored protection level,” she said.

“No social media under the age of 13. No personal account under the age of 15,” she said. “That means from 13 to under 15, only mini accounts, set up and supervised by parents or guardians, with limited features and time restriction to one hour a day.”

“And between 15 and 18, safe design will be an obligation for the platforms.”

Before she outlined the EU’s approach, Ms. von der Leyen paid tribute to a 14-year-old girl in Belgium, named Olea, who ended her life one month ago after being bullied, and whose mother she quoted as saying: “I am convinced that without these omnipresent networks, my daughter would still be here.”

Ms. von der Leyen made no reference to online games or AI chatbots, which according to draft legislation seen by AFP would also be hit by the restrictions.

The European Commission president and tech chief Henna Virkkunen will formally present the proposed “KIDS Act”, including the tiered age limits in Strasbourg, France on Thursday (September 16, 2026).

The EU will also ban addictive design features such as so-called infinite scrolling where children are concerned, according to a draft document.

If platforms break the rules, they face fines of up to 6% of annual turnover, draft details show.

“Europe has the power to act. It is we who decide our rules, not big tech,” Ms. von der Leyen said.

“We do not have to accept addictive features,” she warned, saying “platforms will have to prove that they are safe”.

“It is not about our minors accessing social media. It is about when and how do we allow social media to access minors,” Ms. von der Leyen added.

The “risk” is not limited to children, she noted. “Addictive design, for example, is harming everyone,” she said, telling EU lawmakers that Europe needed more rules that will be proposed in the autumn.

Pressure from EU states

Among those listening in the grand chamber was Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney whose country has also moved to curb social media for under-16s.

Ms. von der Leyen had faced pressure from member states including France, Denmark and Greece for action across the 27-nation bloc to limit online harms for children.

The EU has sought for years to rein in Big Tech, empowering itself with a strengthened legal armoury that it now believes is not sufficient.

The bloc has already told Meta platforms Facebook and Instagram as well as TikTok to change their “addictive” design through its content law known as the Digital Services Act, but changes have taken longer than Brussels wants.

Digital and children’s rights groups have raised concerns over how the new social media curbs will work in practice, as well as over a related age-check app the EU is preparing to roll out.

“Age verification is not a silver bullet and would raise serious privacy and data protection concerns,” said European consumer organisation BEUC’s Agustin Reyna.

Thursday’s (September 17, 2026) proposal will only become law after negotiations on a final text between EU capitals and the European Parliament, which could take months.

Published – September 16, 2026 06:35 pm IST



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EU chief von der Leyen calls for a joint mechanism to counter drones, sabotage https://artifex.news/article71471711-ece/ Wed, 16 Sep 2026 08:54:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article71471711-ece/ Read More “EU chief von der Leyen calls for a joint mechanism to counter drones, sabotage” »

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European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen delivers a speech during her annual State of the Union address at a plenary session of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, eastern France on September 16, 2026
| Photo Credit: Reuters

The European Union needs a NATO-like mechanism to better respond to drone incidents, acts of sabotage and cyberattacks across Europe, many of them blamed on Russia, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said on Wednesday (September 16, 2026).

“Europe needs its own counter-hybrid playbook. We urgently need a consensus on how to respond to certain incidents,” Ms. von der Leyen said, particularly for acts that “fall below armed aggression but clearly threaten our national security.” Officials in Germany, Denmark, and Poland have in recent weeks accused Russia of involvement in drone incursions, sabotage, arson, surveillance of defence facilities and planning to use a drone carrying explosives to attack an airport.

Italian fighter jets working with NATO shot down a drone over EU member Lithuania earlier this week, the first time one has been downed in its airspace. It was believed to have entered from Russia’s ally, Belarus.

But Europe and NATO are struggling to know how best to respond to acts that fall short of outright aggression.

Ms. Von der Leyen said that the system should be similar to Article 4 of NATO’s founding treaty, which allows countries believing that their territory is under threat to convene emergency meetings.

“When triggered by one member state, all member states would convene to coordinate a European response, to deter further escalation, and to mitigate the impact,” she said.

NATO’s Article 4 is separate from Article 5, the collective security guarantee that obliges all member countries to come to the aid of an ally under attack.

Ms. Von der Leyen also said that the EU Commission will “set out our ideas to make a European Security Council a reality.”

It would involve other international partners like Britain, Canada, Norway and Ukraine, she said. No details were provided.



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Medical device rules eased for outsourced sterilisation; EU added to stringent regulatory jurisdictions https://artifex.news/article71384282-ecerand29/ Mon, 24 Aug 2026 12:22:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article71384282-ecerand29/ Read More “Medical device rules eased for outsourced sterilisation; EU added to stringent regulatory jurisdictions” »

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Under the proposed amendment to Rule 44, manufacturers that outsource sterilisation of their medical devices to a facility holding a valid licence under the Medical Devices Rules, 2017, will no longer have to obtain a separate loan licence for the sterilisation activity. File

The Union Health Ministry has proposed amendments to the Medical Devices Rules, 2017, to promote ease of doing business. The amendments seek to simplify regulatory requirements, standardise testing fees and facilitate faster market access for eligible medical devices.

The Centre has eased regulatory requirements for medical device manufacturers by removing the need for a separate licence for outsourced sterilisation and expanding the list of countries and regulatory jurisdictions whose approvals can facilitate waiver of clinical investigation requirements in India, a release issued by the Ministry said on Monday (August 24, 2026).

Under the proposed amendment to Rule 44, manufacturers that outsource sterilisation of their medical devices to a facility holding a valid licence under the Medical Devices Rules, 2017, will no longer have to obtain a separate loan licence for the sterilisation activity.

Earlier, manufacturers had to secure a separate loan licence even when the outsourced sterilisation facility itself held a valid licence. The government said removing the duplication would reduce paperwork, administrative burden and compliance costs, particularly for manufacturers without their own sterilisation facilities.

However, a traceability requirement has been retained. Manufacturers will have to mention the licence number of the sterilisation facility on the medical device label. A six-month transition period has been provided to allow companies to modify labels, packaging and related processes.

The government said the change was intended to balance regulatory oversight with ease of doing business by retaining traceability while simplifying the licensing framework.

In another change, the amendment to Rule 63 includes the European Union (EU) among the stringent regulatory jurisdictions recognised for waiving clinical investigation requirements for medical devices that do not have predicate devices in India.

The provision already recognises the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Japan. With the EU now included, medical devices approved in the EU that meet the eligibility conditions can benefit from the waiver provisions in India.

The move is expected to reduce regulatory timelines for eligible importers and manufacturers and facilitate quicker availability of newer medical technologies to Indian patients.

The amendments follow stakeholder consultations and are part of the government’s broader effort to streamline the regulatory framework for medical devices while maintaining standards for their quality, safety and performance.

The changes are also expected to promote greater international regulatory convergence and improve the competitiveness of India’s medical device industry, the government said.



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EU aims for seven AI gigafactories with €10 billion plan in race with U.S., China https://artifex.news/article71285920-ece/ Thu, 30 Jul 2026 12:20:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article71285920-ece/ Read More “EU aims for seven AI gigafactories with €10 billion plan in race with U.S., China” »

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The facilities will combine advanced AI ​processors, software, cloud technology, ‌high-speed connectivity and data centres. They will come on top of the existing 19 AI factories in various ‌EU countries. File picture of a data centre in Frankfurt, Germany.
| Photo Credit: AP

The European Union will fund seven ​artificial intelligence gigafactories across the bloc ‌with €10 billion ($11.5 billion), the European ​Commission said on Thursday (July 30, 2026), as ⁠the EU steps up efforts to close the technology gap with the U.S. and ‌China.

The Commission said it aims to attract at least €20 billion in ‌private investments for the ‌projects. ⁠The total was increased from five ⁠planned gigafactories to seven following strong interest from EU countries.

The facilities will combine advanced AI ​processors, software, cloud technology, ‌high-speed connectivity and data centres. They will come on top of the existing 19 AI factories in various ‌EU countries.

“Access to the raw ​scale of computing power within AI Gigafactories is a strategic ⁠necessity for Europe as AI development accelerates,” EU tech chief Henna Virkkunen said ‌in a statement.

Consortia or special purpose vehicles made up of technology providers, cloud service providers, public entities and investors can apply to take part in the gigafactories.

The tender process will ‌close on November 12. The Commission expects ​to announce successful bidders in early 2027, with the facilities becoming ⁠operational within 18 months of contract signing.

AMD, ⁠Nvidia and Qualcomm have signed letters of intent with the Commission ‌to provide chips to groups involved in the gigafactory projects.



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India key EU partner for semiconductors due to skilled talent pool: European Commission VP https://artifex.news/article71228866-ece/ Thu, 16 Jul 2026 07:18:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article71228866-ece/ Read More “India key EU partner for semiconductors due to skilled talent pool: European Commission VP” »

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External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar poses for a picture with Union Minister for Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal, Minister of State, MEITY Jitin Prasada, Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy of the European Commission, Henna Virkkunen, EU Commissioners Ekaterina Zaharieva and Maroš Šefčovič after the meeting of the India – EU Trade and Technology Council, in Brussels on July 15, 2026. Photo: X/@DrSJaishankar via ANI

India is a very important partner for the European Union in the semiconductor sector as the bloc seeks to work with trusted partners to strengthen its chip supply chains and build its own capacity, a senior European Commission leader said.

Speaking at a joint press conference after the third India-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC) meeting in Brussels, European Commission Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy Henna Virkkunen said India is an important partner for semiconductor research and development because of its vast pool of highly skilled talent.

“With semiconductors, we see that India is a very important partner for the European Union. Our Chips 2.0 was adopted in June. We are especially focusing on improving the resilience of our supply chains. We want to build up our own capacity in the European Union, but we also want to work with our trusted partners,” she said.

Describing the semiconductor industry as global with long and vulnerable supply chains, Ms. Virkkunen said it was important to diversify sources and reduce dependence on any single supplier.

“It’s important to build better resilience for these supply chains to make sure that we are not dependent on one source… That we have alternatives and we have our own capacity.”

“When it comes to research and development of new chips, of course, India is a very important partner for us because it has a very large pool of highly skilled talent,” she said.

Ms. Virkkunen was responding to a question on outcomes of the AI Impact Summit hosted by India and the launch of the Indian government’s Semicon 2.0 programme aimed at strengthening the country’s semiconductor ecosystem.

Calling the AI Impact Summit in New Delhi a success, she congratulated India for hosting the event.

“It was the first time discussions focused on ensuring that everyone has access to these technologies because AI is a crucial, critical technology of the future,” she said.

Her remarks came about a month after the CEO of U.S.-based AI safety and research company Anthropic, Dario Amodei, described the New Delhi summit as “extremely disorganised”.

Ms. Virkkunen said the EU shares India’s vision of making AI technologies accessible while ensuring that they are trustworthy and benefit economies, societies and citizens.

“I think this is something that we very much share with India… we want to have technologies that benefit our economies, societies, and population. Our citizens should be able to trust these technologies, and we are doing this in a sustainable manner,” she said.

A joint statement issued after the TTC meeting said India and the EU agreed to deepen cooperation in semiconductors, high-performance computing, quantum technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and 6G.

Minister of State for Electronics and IT Jitin Prasada said the Union Cabinet has approved the Semicon 2.0 programme with an outlay of about $13.25 billion.

He said the programme will focus on chip design, semiconductor equipment and materials, research and development, chemicals and gases essential for chip manufacturing, and setting up more fabrication units.

“More manufacturing will come to India, further strengthening our ATMP and OSAT packaging networks. R&D in semiconductors and talent development will also be major thrust areas under the India Semiconductor Mission 2.0 (Semicon 2.0),” Mr. Prasada said.



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EU FTA puts India on a level playing field against competitors in labour-intensive sectors: chief negotiator https://artifex.news/article70561289-ece/ Sun, 21 Jun 2026 10:14:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article70561289-ece/ Read More “EU FTA puts India on a level playing field against competitors in labour-intensive sectors: chief negotiator” »

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The free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the European Union puts India on a level-playing field with a number of its competitors in a number of labour-intensive sectors such as textiles, apparel, leather goods, footwear, engineering goods, and marine products, India’s chief negotiator on the FTA Darpan Jain explained on Wednesday (January 28, 2026).

India-EU trade pact to be signed by December; implemented from Feb-Mar next year: Piyush Goyal

In addition, while emphasising that the overall FTA will benefit all States in India, Mr. Jain also highlighted several sectoral benefits to States such as Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, and West Bengal.

India and the EU on Tuesday (January 27, 2026) signed a document marking the conclusion of negotiations on an FTA that both sides have dubbed the ‘mother of all deals’.

Textiles sector to benefit

“Duty-free access from an earlier duty of up to 12% in textiles, apparel and clothing provides a level playing field for exporters and boosts India’s competitiveness in the EU vis-a-vis competitors such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Turkey, which enjoy duty-free or preferential access under EU trade agreements,” Mr. Jain said.

Under the deal, duties on leather goods, footwear, textiles, apparel, and clothing will be entirely removed as soon as the FTA comes into force.

“Key clusters in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal are set to see capacity expansion and development,” Mr. Jain asserted.

Engineering gains an edge

In the engineering sector, Mr. Jain said India would gain a competitive edge over its competitors such as China, the United Kingdom, the U.S., Vietnam, and Turkiye as India has managed to secure “preferential access” and reduced tariffs under the FTA.

This, he said, is expected to help States like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh to adopt advanced technologies, scale up operations, and strengthen MSME networks.

The electronics sector is set to benefit in similar fashion, Mr. Jain explained.

“The FTA reduces existing tariffs of up to 14% and opens 99.6% of India-EU electronics trade, creating a level playing field against global competitors like China, US, Taiwan, and Vietnam,” he said, adding that this stands to benefit hubs in Bengaluru, Pune, Noida, Chennai, and Hyderabad.

Coastal States get advantage

The marine sector will see 94.4% of marine exports to the EU see duties entirely eliminated as soon as the FTA comes into force, down from a current tariff rate of up to 26%. Another 1.9% of exports will see tariffs being eliminated in phases.

“The FTA removes the duty disadvantage faced by Indian marine exports with regard to countries like Morocco, Ecuador, and Vietnam, which enjoy duty-free or preferential access,” Mr. Jain said.

States that are set to benefit from this are the ones with strong coastal clusters such as Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Gujarat, Odisha and West Bengal, he added.

He further said that the FTA would improve India’s competitiveness in the pharmaceuticals and medical devices sectors against competitors such as the US, China, and Japan, to the benefit of MedTech hubs in Telangana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.

Published – January 28, 2026 07:17 pm IST



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EU sanctions officials over deportation of Ukrainian children https://artifex.news/article70967452-ece/ Mon, 11 May 2026 22:09:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article70967452-ece/ Read More “EU sanctions officials over deportation of Ukrainian children” »

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Latvia’s Foreign Minister Baiba Braže, speaks with the media as she arrives for a meeting of EU Foreign Ministers at the European Council building in Brussels on May 11, 2026.
| Photo Credit: AP

The European Union on Monday (May 11, 2026) imposed sanctions on 16 officials accused of helping Russia to abduct tens of thousands of children from Ukraine and force many to change their identities or be put up for adoption.

Sanctions were also slapped on seven centres suspected of indoctrinating the children or training them to serve in the armed forces, either for Russia or pro-Russian militias inside Ukraine.

Over 130 people and “entities” are now under EU travel bans and asset freezes over the abductions.

Since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, about 20,500 children have been unlawfully deported or forcibly transferred to Russia or Russian-held territories in eastern Ukraine.

“Russia is trying to erase their identity,” Latvian Foreign Minister Baiba Braze said on Monday at a meeting with EU counterparts in Brussels, where the sanctions were endorsed.

“When you look at the Genocide Convention, it’s one of the features of the genocide crime. So, it’s very serious.” The International Criminal Court has issued an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin for war crimes, accusing him of personal responsibility for the abductions.

Around 2,200 children have been returned, but identifying them is complicated. Children taken at a young age can be difficult to recognise just a few years later. Getting them home is a harrowing task, and some children are not necessarily welcomed when they return.

The EU on Monday was hosting, alongside Canada, a meeting of the 47-country International Coalition for the Return of Ukrainian Children to increase diplomatic pressure on Russia and rally support for work to verify and trace those who are taken.

“War has really many faces, but stealing the children is really one of the most horrific,” EU Enlargement Commissioner Marta Kos said ahead of the gathering. “We should stop this, and Russia should pay.”



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Iran war’s effects already a reality in Europe: EU chief https://artifex.news/article70722630-ece/ Mon, 09 Mar 2026 13:15:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article70722630-ece/ Read More “Iran war’s effects already a reality in Europe: EU chief” »

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A file image of European Union chief Ursula von der Leyen.
| Photo Credit: AP

The ripples from war in the Middle East are already being felt in Europe, with rising energy prices and NATO allies targeted, EU chief Ursula von der Leyen said Monday (March 9, 2026).

Oil prices soared on Monday (March 9, 2026), peaking just short of $120 a barrel as the U.S.-Israeli war against Iran continued into a second week, with Tehran launching fresh retaliatory strikes in the Gulf.

“We are now seeing a regional conflict with unintended consequences. And the spillover is already a reality today,” the European Commission president told EU ambassadors, ahead of a midday call with Middle Eastern leaders.

“Our citizens are caught in the crossfire. Our partners are being attacked,” she said, citing an Iranian-made drone hitting a British base on EU-member Cyprus, trade disruptions and the “displacement of people”.

While Iran has not officially shut off the Strait of Hormuz — through which a fifth of the world’s crude supplies and a substantial amount of gas run — shipping through the critical waterway has all but dried up.

European gas prices also jumped as much as 30 percent% Monday (March 9, 2026), albeit remaining well below the peaks reached in the aftermath of Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

Ms. Von der Leyen stressed that “there should be no tears shed for the Iranian regime”.

“The people of Iran deserve freedom, dignity, and the right to decide their own future — even if we know this will be fraught with danger and instability during and after the war”.

The “longer-term impact” of the war posed “existential questions” on the future of an international rules-based system and the 27-nation’s bloc place in the world, she told the annual gathering of European Union diplomats in Brussels.

“The idea that we can simply retrench and withdraw from this chaotic world is simply a fallacy,” she said.

Mr. Von der Leyen also addressed the Ukraine conflict and assured the gathering that Brussels will see through a vital 90 billion euro ($104 billion) loan to Kyiv that is being blocked by Hungary.

“We will deliver on our commitments, because our credibility — and more importantly, our security — is at stake,” she said.



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EU-India FTA talks conclude, summit on January 27 https://artifex.news/article70553394-ece/ Mon, 26 Jan 2026 15:07:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article70553394-ece/ Read More “EU-India FTA talks conclude, summit on January 27” »

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President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen is being received by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the national flag hoisting at Kartavya Path on the occasion of the 77th Republic Day celebrations, in New Delhi on January 26, 2026.
| Photo Credit: ANI

A “successful India” is in the world’s interest, said visiting European Union leaders, as officials in New Delhi confirmed that negotiations for the EU-India Free Trade Agreement (FTA) have been concluded.

“Official level negotiations are being concluded and both sides are all set to announce the successful conclusion of FTA talks on January 27,” Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal told reporters on Monday (January 26, 2026). 

Also Read | India to slash tariffs on cars to 40% in trade deal with EU, sources say

Separately, sources in the Commerce Ministry said that negotiations were concluded on Friday (January 23, 2026) and the deal was approved by both sides on Saturday (January 24, 2026). They added that the final text would be readied once it was “scrubbed” by the legal teams of both sides. 

The deal is part of a number of other agreements, including a Security and Defence Partnership, energy cooperation and a mobility agreement expected to be signed during the EU-India summit between Prime Minister Narendra Modi, EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Antonio Costa on Tuesday (January 27, 2026).

The presence of the EU’s top leadership “underscores the growing strength of the India-European Union partnership and our commitment to shared values”, said Mr. Modi in a post outlooking the agreements.

On Monday (January 26, 2026), all the leaders attended the Republic Day parade, in which EU defence commanders took part for the first time, and EU Presidents were hosted at Rashtrapati Bhawan by President Droupadi Murmu. “A successful India makes the world more stable, prosperous and secure,” Ms. von der Leyen said in a post, adding that the world’s largest democracies Europe and India are committed to shaping “a new global order”.

The leaders witnessed the parade where India’s military hardware and marching contingents, particularly those involved in Operation Sindoor in May 2025 against Pakistan, were showcased. Significantly, much of the hardware that Ms. von der Leyen and Mr. Costa witnessed in the parade was Russian-made or designed and has been sanctioned under various EU sanction packages since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

“An opportunity to recall the importance of the action of the EU Naval Forces to enhance maritime security and protect the freedom of navigation, in particular in the Indo Pacific,” Mr. Costa said on social media, steering clear of any contentious references to the war in Europe.

Also Read | India and EU are showing a fractured world another way to engage: EU chief Ursula von der Leyen

The EU-India FTA conclusion marks the end of a two-decades-old process, after talks were first launched in 2007. The talks have faltered on a number of occasions, particularly over seemingly irreconcilable issues like market access for “sensitive” European agricultural and dairy items, environmental regulations, investment and immigration. After a freeze on talks between 2014 and 2022, the talks were relaunched with more pragmatic goals, and both sides have reportedly agreed to set aside sectors where they failed to find common ground. Once the FTA is announced on Tuesday, officials will complete the legal scrubbing, and it will be sent to all 27 EU states after being translated, before it is ratified by the European Parliament.

With bilateral trade already crossing $136 billion, the sources also said that this would be “one of the biggest” bilateral deals in the world. Unlike ASEAN countries, the EU acts as a single customs bloc, they explained. The EU has FTAs with eight countries and has signed an FTA with the South American bloc MERCOSUR earlier this month. Both India and the EU are also expected to upgrade their strategic partnership, first concluded in 2004, and upgrade defence cooperation and military engagement in areas including maritime security, cyber security and counter-terrorism.



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An exploration of India’s minerals diplomacy https://artifex.news/article70510652-ece/ Wed, 14 Jan 2026 18:38:00 +0000 https://artifex.news/article70510652-ece/ Read More “An exploration of India’s minerals diplomacy” »

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Today, India’s clean energy transitions are impossible without imported critical minerals and rare earths. The country needs these minerals now, and China’s tightening export controls only heighten the urgency. Just like other countries around the world, India is also committing to diversify mineral trade linkages, promote responsible production and build standards-based markets.

India needs a two-pronged strategy to build long-term capability at home while securing immediate access abroad. Realising this, over the past five years, New Delhi has pursued close to a dozen bilateral and multilateral partnerships across continents while bolstering domestic mineral policies. The question is about what these engagements have delivered to India and whether there is a need for recalibration.

The two sides to partnerships

Some partnerships have advanced more meaningfully than others. Australia emerges as reliable, offering political stability, large reserves and a strategic vision. Cooperation here is active with long-term supply discussions, joint research and targeted investments. In 2022 under the India-Australia Critical Minerals Investment Partnership, the two countries identified five target projects for potential investment in lithium and cobalt.

Japan provides a template for resilience, exemplifying an institutional model for long-term planning rather than reactive deals. When China restricted rare earth exports to Tokyo a decade ago, Japan responded with diversification, stockpiling, recycling and sustained research and development. Beyond its long-standing cooperation with Indian Rare Earths Limited, the partnership has now extended into potential joint extraction processing and stockpiling minerals, both bilaterally and in third countries, under a cooperation agreement last year.

African nations, given their long-standing trade linkages with India, offer similar opportunities, with mineral abundance paired with rising demands for local value creation. India’s recent agreements with Namibia for lithium, rare earths and uranium as well as asset-acquisition talks in Zambia for copper and cobalt reflect a growing push to turn towards Africa. India must approach Africa with a long-term industrial mindset or risk losing ground to more coordinated competitors.

Despite previous political enthusiasm around “friend-shoring”, cooperation on critical minerals has struggled to move beyond dialogue with the United States. Recent American tariffs on Indian goods, shifting trade rules and restrictive Inflation Reduction Act incentives complicate stable engagement. The volatility of the U.S.’s trade policy makes it hard for New Delhi to rely on Washington, even though the U.S. could be a significant technology and downstream innovation partner. The Transforming the Relationship Utilizing Strategic Technology (TRUST) Initiative and the Strategic Minerals Recovery Initiative propose frameworks for joint work on rare-earth processing, battery recycling and clean separation technologies.

The European Union (EU)’s Critical Raw Materials Act, the European Battery Alliance and its circular economy agenda show how regulation, sustainability and industrial strategy can reinforce each other. Progress requires India to align with the EU’s requirements on transparency, lifecycle standards and environmental norms.

West Asia holds potential but lacks institutional depth and long-term frameworks. The United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia are investing heavily in battery materials, refining capacity and green hydrogen, with sovereign wealth funds acquiring mining stakes across Africa and Latin America. For India, West Asia could become an important midstream partner, processing minerals sourced elsewhere.

Russia’s reserves of rare earths, cobalt and lithium are substantial, and scientific ties with India are longstanding. Yet, sanctions, financing challenges and logistical unpredictability constrain reliability. Russia could be an important hedge, not a foundation.

New frontiers

Latin America presents India’s new frontiers with expanded engagement in Argentina, Chile, Peru and, increasingly, Brazil. These countries are becoming central to global copper, nickel and rare-earth strategies. There have been substantial investments by public and private sector companies from India into projects in these regions. Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL) has signed a ₹200 crore exploration and development agreement with Argentina. However, competition for Indian companies is intense, and engagement remains at an early stage. A lasting presence will require value-chain partnerships and local processing, not extraction-only agreements.

With the restoration of diplomatic ties with Canada recently, Ottawa emerges as an important player. With reserves of nickel, cobalt, copper and rare earths, and a recently signed trilateral agreement with Australia and India, Canada has potential to become a strong minerals partner. Yet, political stability between the two countries will be key.

Develop integrated partnerships

Across all regions, lessons converge. Securing ore is not enough. The choke point is processing. Without domestic refining and midstream capability, India remains exposed to supply chain vulnerabilities. Technology, innovation and on-ground project implementation matters far more than announcements. India must use its country-by-country approach to build resilience across the value-chain. Africa, Australia, Canada and Latin America for upstream ore extraction; West Asia (the Gulf) and Japan for midstream processing of the mineral ores; the EU and the U.S. for downstream technology creation such as batteries and recycling, and Russia for diversification.

While it is important for India to be also open to cooperation with additional partners, such as South Korea and Indonesia, it first needs to have a clear strategic vision for existing partnerships. None of this will deliver results unless India strengthens its domestic framework for responsible mining with issues such as Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) and transparency increasingly becoming a key issue in international partnerships.

Watch: Can rare earth Samarium bail out India? Or will it be magnet-less motors? 

India has built an impressive web of critical minerals partnerships. The next step is to deepen what works, rethink what does not, and ensure technology, processing and long-term certainty.

Anindita Sinh is Research Associate at the Centre for Social and Economic Progress (CSEP). Pooja Ramamurthi is Fellow at the Centre for Social and Economic Progress (CSEP)

Published – January 15, 2026 12:08 am IST



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