The Finance Ministry has notified the rules for determination of origin of goods under the India-U.K. comprehensive economic and trade agreement (CETA), which will come into force from July 15, according to a notification.

A certificate of origin is a key document required for exports to avail duty benefits under India’s trade agreements with partner countries.

It is essential to establish the origin of goods to ensure that products from third countries do not wrongly avail themselves of the preferential tariff benefits under trade agreements between the two countries.

The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC), in a notification, said entities authorised by the two countries are permitted to issue these certificates in their respective countries.

“These rules may be called the Customs Tariff (Determination of Origin of Goods under Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between India and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) Rules, 2026. They shall come into force on the 15th July, 2026,” it said.

CETA secures duty-free access for 99% of India’s exports to the U.K., covering nearly the entire trade basket.

This is expected to open new opportunities for labour-intensive industries such as textiles, marine products, leather, footwear, sports goods, toys, and gems and jewellery, alongside fast-growing sectors like engineering goods, auto components, and organic chemicals.

Two-way commerce between India and the U.K. grew 8.62% to $25.12 billion (exports: $13.44 billion; imports: $11.68 billion) in 2025-26, up from $23.13 billion in 2024-25.

India reported a trade surplus of $1.76 billion in the last fiscal year.

Commenting on the notification, Rajat Mohan, Managing Partner, AMRG Global, said the notification prescribing the Rules of Origin under the CETA is a crucial step towards operationalising the pact in a transparent and effective manner.

“While the agreement offers significant tariff advantages, these benefits will now be available only to goods that genuinely satisfy the prescribed origin criteria. The framework strengthens the integrity of the FTA by preventing misuse through third-country routing and ensuring that concessions accrue only to legitimate manufacturers and exporters,” he said.

Mohan added that businesses should proactively review their supply chains, value addition, sourcing patterns and documentation, as compliance with the rules of origin will be as important as the tariff concessions themselves.

Consumer Affairs Secretary Nidhi Khare on Monday (September 29, 2025) said the government’s National Consumer Helpline (NCH) has received 3,000 complaints related to GST since the implementation of reduced taxes.

“We have so far received 3,000 consumer complaints. We are sending them to the CBIC (Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs) for further action,” Ms. Khare told reporters on the sidelines of an event.

“The Consumer Affairs Ministry is closely monitoring instances where consumers are being cheated through misleading discount practices to avoid passing on the benefits of reduced GST rates,” she said.

“The Ministry is deploying artificial intelligence and chatbot technology to get a clearer picture of complaints across various sectors,” she added.

The complaints mechanism comes amid concerns that retailers may not be fully passing on the benefit of GST rate reductions to consumers, prompting the government to strengthen its monitoring systems.