Pakistan economy regains short-term stability; still burdened by high debt, weak investment: IMF

“The latest Internatio­nal Monetary Fund (IMF) projections for Pakistan suggest that Pakistan’s economy has regained short-term stability, but it remains burdened by high debt, weak investment and slow employment growth,” a media report said on Wednesday (December 10, 2025). 

Projections by the IMF, released on Tuesday (December 9, 2025) alongside the statement announcing a fresh disbursement of around $1.2 billion to Pakistan, showed that the country’s economic growth was projected to inch up from 2.6% in FY-25 to 3.2% by FY-26, a pace that barely matches population growth in the country of 240.5 million people, reported Dawn. With a per capita income of $1,677, this trajectory points more to economic containment than recovery.

Pakistan’s population also continues to grow at a high pace, with mid-2025 official figures citing 2.55%, while World Bank data points to 1.8-1.9%. “In terms of inflation, after averaging 23.4% in FY-24, consumer prices are estimated to have fallen sharply to 4.5% in FY-25, and projected to rise to 6.3% in FY-26,” the report said.

“Unemployment is projected to fall only modestly from 8.3% in FY-25 to 7.5% in FY-26, underscoring the weak job-creating capacity of the current growth path,” it added.

“On the fiscal front, government revenue and grants are projected to rise from 12.7% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in FY-25 to 16.3% by FY-26, while expenditure is expected to remain near 20% of GDP,” it said.

IMF approves $1.2 billion fresh disbursement for Pakistan 

“As a result, the budget deficit is projected to narrow from -6.8% to -4.0% of the GDP. Pakistan is also projected to maintain a primary surplus rising to 2.5% of the GDP,” a central IMF benchmark.

“Despite this tightening, the public debt burden remains heavy. Total general government debt, including IMF obligations, is projected to hover around 72-73% of the GDP, while government and guaranteed debt is expected to stay near 76%,” it said.

“Domestic debt accounts for nearly half of the GDP, keeping interest costs elevated amid high domestic borrowing rates. Foreign investment, however, remains subdued. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is projected at just 0.5-0.6% of the GDP throughout the period under review,” it added.

Meanwhile, the 15.4% real effective appreciation of the Pakistani rupee in FY-25 signals a shift towards currency stability after a period of sharp depreciation.

“Taken together, the IMF projections for Pakistan suggest that the immediate risk of economic free fall has eased, but the country remains locked into a narrow stabilisation path marked by weak growth, heavy debt and limited relief for households,” the report said.

The immediate crisis may have passed, but the challenge of translating stabilisation into sustained, inclusive growth remains unresolved, according to the paper.