Congo has severed diplomatic ties with Rwanda as fighting between Rwanda-backed rebels and government forces rages around the key eastern city of Goma, leaving at least 13 peacekeepers and foreign soldiers dead and displacing thousands of civilians.
The M23 rebel group has made significant territorial gains along the border with Rwanda in recent weeks, closing in on Goma, the provincial capital that has a population of around 2 million and is a regional hub for security and humanitarian efforts.
Congo, the United States and U.N. experts accuse Rwanda of backing M23, which is mainly made up of ethnic Tutsis who broke away from the Congolese Army more than a decade ago. It’s one of about 100 armed groups that have been vying for a foothold in the mineral-rich region, where a long-running conflict has created one of the world’s largest humanitarian crises.
Rwanda’s government denies backing the rebels, but last year acknowledged that it has troops and missile systems in eastern Congo to safeguard its security, pointing to a buildup of Congolese forces near the border. U.N. experts estimate there are up to 4,000 Rwandan forces in Congo.
The Congolese Foreign ministry said late on Saturday (January 25, 2025) it was severing diplomatic ties with Rwanda and pulling out all diplomatic staff from the country “with immediate effect.”
Rwanda’s Foreign Minister, Olivier Nduhungirehe, said on Sunday (January 26, 2025) that the decision to sever diplomatic ties was a unilateral move by Congo “that was even published on social media before being sent to our embassy.”
“For us, we took appropriate measures to evacuate our remaining diplomat in Kinshasa, who was under permanent threat by Congolese officials. And this was achieved on Friday (January 24, 2025), one day before the publication of this so-called note verbale on social media,” he said.
The U.N. Security Council moved up an emergency meeting on the escalating violence in eastern Congo to Sunday (January 26, 2025). Congo requested the meeting, which had originally been scheduled for Monday (January 27, 2025).
On Sunday (January 26, 2025) morning, heavy gunfire resonated across Goma, just a few km (miles) from the front line, while scores of displaced children and adults fled the Kanyaruchinya camp, one of the largest in eastern Congo, right near the Rwandan border, and headed south to Goma.
“We are fleeing because we saw soldiers on the border with Rwanda throwing bombs and shooting,” said Safi Shangwe, who was heading to Goma.
“We are tired, and we are afraid, our children are at risk of starving,” she added.
Some of the displaced worried they will not be safe in Goma either.
“We are going to Goma, but I heard that there are bombs in Goma, too, so now we don’t know where to go,” said Adèle Shimiye.
Hundreds of people attempted to flee to Rwanda through the “Great Barrier” border crossing east of Goma on Sunday (January 26, 2025). Migration officers carefully checked travel documents.
“I am crossing to the other side to see if we will have a place of refuge because for the moment, security in the city is not guaranteed,” Muahadi Amani, a resident of Goma, told the AP.
Earlier in the week, the rebels seized Sake, 27 km (16 miles) from Goma, as concerns mounted that the city could soon fall.
Congo’s army said Saturday (January 25, 2025) it fended off an M23 offensive with the help of allied forces, including U.N. troops and soldiers from the Southern African Development Community Mission, also known as SAMIDRC.
Seven South African troops with SAMIDIRC, as well as two serving with the U.N. peacekeeping force, have been killed in recent days, South Africa’s ministry of defence said in a statement Saturday (January 25, 2025).
A U.N. official told The Associated Press that a Uruguayan peacekeeper was also killed on Saturday (January 25, 2025). The official spoke on condition of anonymity because they weren’t authorised to speak on the matter publicly. Meanwhile, the U.N. in Malawi said that three Malawian peacekeepers were killed.
Since 2021, Congo’s government and allied forces, including SAMIDRC and U.N. troops, have been keeping M23 away from Goma.
The U.N. peacekeeping force entered Congo more than two decades ago and has around 14,000 peacekeepers on the ground.
Published – January 26, 2025 11:28 pm IST
